Flexishaper beam shaper for controlled adjustable ring-to-spot ratio to increase high-powered laser welding speed

With Recent increase in the availability of high-powered NIR fiber lasers at affordable costs, power is practically no longer the limiting factor of laser welding process speed. Instead, other physical phenomena such as spattering, undercut, humping and weld porosity become dominant at high weld speed. These phenomena have been shown to be substantially reduced when using a special illumination profile consisting of a concentric ring and spot. However, the optimal power ratio between the spot and the ring differs for different welding process parameters and different system setups, and so an adjustable ring-to-spot ratio enables the system manufacturer to find the optimal work point for each process.

 

Welding issues arising with increased processing speed, courtesy of BLACKBIRD
Welding issues arising with increased processing speed, courtesy of BLACKBIRD
Foil welding with single mode laser: Left image with Gaussian spot, Right image with Flexishaper concentric ring and spot beam shaper. Both welds at same power and speed 
Foil welding with single mode laser: Left - with Gaussian spot ; Right - with Flexishaper concentric ring and spot beam shaper. Both welds at same power and speed , courtesy of BLACKBIRD

Flexishaper – real measurements of lab demo

In order to address this demand HOLO/OR launched  Flexishaper beam shaping optical module for controlled adjustable ring-to-spot ratio. Flexishaper is a diffractive-shaping solution which consists of two identical diffractive optical elements (DOEs) placed on the same optical axis which, when rotated against one another can shape the beam propagated through them from 100% of the power in the central spot to ~80% of the power at the surrounding ring with almost no energy at the center, with a continuous full range control of the power ratio in between these states.

These passive DOEs enjoy the high LDT and extreme angular accuracy of all HOLO/OR’s products and are suitable for all high-powered laser welding application. See our LDT report.

Flexishaper intermediate states
Flexishaper diffractive beam shaping module at selected intermediate states showing power distribution between ring-to-spot for different settings

Flexishaper DOEs can easily be installed into off-the-shelf manual or motorized rotation mounts to create an optical module. This module can be integrated in multiple configurations into the optical axis requiring no high NA or other costly optics different from the standard laser welding optics. The Flexishaper™ pair can be used with both single mode and multi-mode lasers, and can be adapted for large beams typically used with multi-kW lasers, thus enabling a large range of macro and micro-welding processes.

Once the optimal ratio for the process has been found, the module can be replaced with a single static DOE tailored to generate the exact needed ratio, providing a cost-effective solution at larger machine series.

Flexishaper concept for Adjustable ring-to-spot shaping was first introduced by HOLO/OR in a scholary article on 2019. It was then improved to the rotational module form and released on 2021.

The module form was tested and validated in cooperation with HOLO/OR’s sister companies SCANLAB and BLACKBIRD for Single-Mode high-speed foil laser welding, producing an impressive increase of >30% in weld speed with up to 700W, and with potential to reach >55% increase with higher laser power approaching the 1 kW for welding an overlap of two 100 µm stainless steel sheets. 

Flexishaper test with Blackbird - Single mode spot without DOE
Flexishaper test with Blackbird - Single mode spot with DOE

Flexishaper concept validation with SCANLAB and BLACKBIRD: Left  SM Gaussian spot welding without Flexishaper ; Right – SM laser with Flexishaper concentric ring and spot beam shaper

SPECIFICATION RANGE

Illumination patternCentral spot with surrounding concentric ring, adjustable controlled power ratio between ring and spot
Ring angle0.2-20 mRad (300-2000um ring size with focus lens EFL=255mm typical)
Wavelengths515nm, 532nm, 910-1080nm other by request
Input beam diameter after collimator (1/e^-2)6-30 mm, others by request
Laser modeSM or MM
PolarizationNot sensitive
DOE MaterialUV grade fused silica
DOE Dimensions25.4mm, 50.8mm up to 150mm diameter (square or round)
DOE thickness1.0-3.0 mm
Distance between DOEs< 4 mm
EfficiencyFrom 80 % (maximum to ring) to 98 % (maximum to spot)
Full cycle rotation range adjustment15 degrees, other possible by request
Adjustment methodManual
CoatingAR/AR

STANDARD FLEXISHAPER ELEMENTS

*Two Flexishaper elements are required to achieve the adjustable optical performance, i.e. below elements must be ordered as a pair. 

PN
Wavelength [nm]
Ring Diameter [mRad]
Zero-Order adjustable range [%]
Element Type
Dimensions
Data Sheet
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CU-330-I-Y-A
1064
1.2
0.5-100%
Window*
25.4[mm] diameter x 3[mm] thickness
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